Process of making sirup and beer from maize



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A. E. FEROE.

PROCESS OF MAKING SIRUP AND BEER FROM MAIZE.

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A. E. FEROE.

PROCESS OF MAKING SIRUP AND BEER FROM MAIZE. No. 324,761. Patented Aug. 18, 1885.

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A. E. PEROE.

PROCESS OF MAKING SIRUP AND BEER PROM MAIZE.

No. 324,761. Patented Aug. 18, 1885.

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UNITED STATES ALFRED E. FEROE, OF POUGHKEEPSIE, NEW YORK.

PROCESS OF MAKING SIRUP AND BEER FROM MAIZE.

@PECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 324,761 dated August 18, 1885.

Application filed September 4, 1884. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, ALFRED E. FERoE, of Poughkeepsie, in the county of Dutchcss and State of New York, have invented a new and Improved Process of Making Sirup and Beer from Maize or Indian Corn and Malt, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

The object of my invention is to provide a to quick, certain, and cheap method of separating all of the insoluble matter in malt and corn mash from the portion that is valuable in making beer and sirup. This has heretofore been impracticable when the proportion 5 of corn to malt has been large and the meal has been subjected to boiling or prepared at any temperature high enough to dissolve the gluten. The meal must be treated at such temperatures as will insure a good conversion and large yield.

The present invention is an improvement upon the processes and apparatus described in Patents No. 288,619, granted to me August 7, 1.883, and No. 303,141, granted to me Angust 5,1884; and it consists in the process hereinafter specified, and also in the apparatus which I make use of in carrying out the process.

Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of the cool- Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the same partly in section. Fig. 3

is a sectional plan view of the same on the line as m in Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a sectional elevation of the centrifugal separator. Fig. 5 is 5 a sectional elevation of the conversion and separating tub. Fig. 6 is a sectional elevation of the separating-tub.

I will now describe the process, and then the parts of the apparatus employed in car- 40 rying out the process in detail.

\Vater in sufficient quantity to thoroughly saturate the cornmeaL-say from thirty-five to forty gallons to each one hundred pounds of meal-is run into the cooking and cooling yes 5' sel represented in Figs. 1, 2, and 3 of the drawings. The temperature of the water is to be raised to about 150 Fahrenheit by injecting steam into it through pipes, and while the water is stirred the meal is run in as fast After the meal and water are mixed the temperature is raised to about 155,

and not higher, for the reason that the albuminoids commence to coagulate at about 156, and that to a certain extent would prevent the water from penetrating to the interior of the larger and harder particles of the meal. The meal is kept at this temperature until thoroughly soaked, which with fine meal will take about an hour, a longer time being required as the meal is coarser or dryer. There is then added to the meal from two to four per cent., by Weight, offinely-granulated malt, which has been previously soaked in water of a temperature of about 100 Fahrenheit for twenty or thirty minutes. The temperature of the meal is then raised gradually to about 167, and the meal is continually stirred for about one hour. Then the temperature is raised again to at least 183, (the temperature at which starch dissolves,) or between that and the boiling-point, (200 Fahrenheit preferred) and the meal kept at that temperature until the constituents of the meal are rendered as soluble as they can be by this treatment-say, from thirty to sixty minutes, according to the fineness of the meal. The meal is then run into the centrifugal separator, (shown in Fig. 4 of the drawings) by the operation of which the soluble matter is separated from the insoluble as far as practicable. The remaining contents inthe separator are to be sprayed with hot water from the interior tank, (shown in Fig. 4,) and the water will beforced through the meal and sieves of the separator by the centrifugal force, and it will pass to the starch-trough below, carrying with it a portion of the soluble matter in grains. This spraying may be con tinued as long as desired. The soluble portions of the meal thus separated, consisting principally of starch, dextrine, soluble albuminoids, soluble salts, fine insoluble albuminous matter, sugar, and fine cellulose, are now returned to the vessel shown in Figs. 1 and 2, and cooled to any desired temperature for mashing. The malt, having been soaked in water at a temperature of about 100 Fahrenheit for twenty or thirty minutes, is then added, and the mash thoroughly stirred, and then run into the conversion and settling tub shown in Fig. 5, where it is kept until the conversion is complete.

When a large proportion of sugar is required, nearly all of the dextrine can be converted to sugar by keeping the mash at the proper temperature for several hours, which can easily be done by turning on just sufficient steam for the purpose, and during this operation the insoluble matters of the mash will separate and settle after the conversion takes place, so that most of the wort can be drawn off in a clear condition from above the sediment. This effect is produced by keeping up the temperature of the mash, instead of allowing it to cool, as usually the case, faster at the sides and top than at the bottom and center, which causes a constant circulation in the mash, which effectually prevents the insoluble matters from settling to the bottom. WVith my apparatus and process the circulation is completely prevented by keeping the wort atan even temperature,-or at a little higher temperature at thetop than below.

After the conversion and settling are completed the clear wort is run offto the boilingtub or vacuum-pan, and boiled until the coagulation .is complete, requiring about four hours; and it is then run into the settlingtub, Fig. 5 again, and the temperature kept up, as before, until the eoagulated matter settles, after which the clear wort is again run into the vacuum-pan and evaporated to any gravity desired. The remainderof the mash '1' n the conversion-tub after the clear wort is run oft" is to be put into the centrifugal separator and treated in the same manner as the meal. The liquid portion of it, after it is separated, is cooled down to a temperature of from 50 to Fahrenheit, and the gelatinous part of Irish moss, which has been boiled in water, or a solution of isinglass, as usually prepared for fining ale, or any other like gelatinous substance, is to be added to it, the whole thoroughly stirred, and then run into the separatingtub, Fig, 6, and submitted to the action of any suitable gas or atmospheric air, preferably carbonic-acid gas under pressure, which is forced through pipes into the space at the bottom of the tub, and. thence through the porous false bottom into and up through the liquid. This will have the effect of separating the insoluble-andgelatinous matters from the soluble part and car rying them to the surface, wherethey can be skimmed off, or the clear wortcanberun off from underneath. The wort is then to be boiled-tocoagulate the albuminous :matter and treatedin'the same manner as the wort first drawn, until the siru'p is finished.

The quantity of Irish moss or other gelatinous substance to heused depends to a great extent on the gravity of the wort, the quantity of insoluble matter-in it, the temperature, and the force of the gas passing into and through it. If enough is not used, the gas will pass through the wort without drawing up the insoluble-matter. Usually,.the.gelatinous matter from one ounce of good clean .these;parts revolve with the shaft.

Irish moss will be found sufficient for thirty gallons of mash. I prefer Irish moss to the other substances mentioned for the reason that it is cheaper, easier to prepare, has no deleterious effect upon the sirup, and imparts no flavor to it.

The cooling and cooking vessel shown in Figs. 1,2, and 3 is constructed as follows: Ais an outer wooden tub containing an inner tub, B, of metal, the spaeeloetween the two tubs being provided with vertical port-ions a, opened alternately at-the top and bottom, so as to insure the circulation around the inner tub of the steam or water supplied by the pipe b. There is also a pipe at c for supplying cold water to this space when the vessel is used for cooling. The inner tub, B, is fitted with a vertical shaft, 11, and with smaller shafts e, carrying blades or stirrers f. The shaft-d-carries a rectangular frame, 9, inwh-ich the-two smaller shafts e e are journaled,-and the 'pinions upon the ends of the shafts 0 gear with the fixed pinion h around the shaft d, so that when the frame 9 revolves with the shaft d the shaftse and the stirrers are also set in motion, pen the bottom-and sides of the frame gare ers i, which act tokeep the surfaces clean,.and the upper part of the frame giszfitted with rods-or blades 70, which act to cause :the meal to mix thoroughlywith the water.

The centrifugal separator shown in .Fig. etis constructed as follows: 1 is a shaftcarr-yinga heavy dislqm, that forms the bottom of ahollow cylinder, 1;, the lower portion of which .is perforated or formed of perforated material. The lower edge of this cylinder 1 is packed, as shown at 0, where it is connected with the bottom m, so as to make a Water-tight; 'oint. p is an interior cylinder attached to the bottom m, and q is another cylinder setoff at a short distance from the cylinder 19,.so that there is a space between them for the passage of water into the cylinder n, the lower part-of the cylinder q being perforated for thatpu-rpose. The inner cylinder, 19, is dividedby a scrapcross-partition, which forms an upper watertank, 1", and s s are valves for allowing water to passfrom this tank-r into thespace between the two cylinders 12 q, for the purpose of spar-g- 'ing the corn-meal, as above described. tare sloping shelves within the cylinder a.

a is an outside tub or cylinder, the lower end of which projectsi-nto a trough, c, that is usedfor catehingthe starch passing.- off when the meal'is sparged. Thecylindenuandthe trough o are. not removable, except when they are raised bodily withthe cylinder .nfortthe purpose of removing the grain from thelbottom m.

The: conversion and separating v.tulo shown in Fig. 5 consists of the-inner and outer tubs. with a space between them, which spaeecis not only around thesides'of the innertub,,but extends: over said tub, the-innertub havin'g norcover-forsteam or .hot air, provided with space, and valves a for drawing off the clear Allotpiped foradmitting steam or hot air tosaid j wort, thermometers I) for indicating the temperature at any point, a trough, c, for catching and carrying off the water of condensation, andkthe discharge-pipe at d for emptying the tan The separatingtub, Fig. 6, is made with a false bottom, 6, forming a space, to which space gas is supplied by a pipe, f, and there is also a pipe, 9, from this space to apressuregage for indicating the pressure of the gas. The false bottom consists of a frame of iron with the spaces between filled with porous wood that will allow the passage of the gas. h are windows to allow observation of the condition of the material.

I am aware that it is not new to soak grain in water at a temperature of about 130 Fahrenheit, and then add malt, after which the temperature is raised and the process continued in the usual manner.

Having thus described my invention,whatI claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The herein-described process for the manufacture of beerwort and sirup from corn and malt, which consists in soaking the meal in water at a temperature a little below the point at which the albuminoids begin to coagulate; then adding a small percentage of malt; then raising the temperature slowly to the point at which starch dissolves, and keeping the meal at this temperature for a sufficient time to render the constituents of the meal as soluble as possible by such treatment; then in a suitable separator separating the soluble portions, fine albuminous matter, &c., from the insoluble portions; then mashing with malt in the usual manner; then running it into a settling and conversion tub suitable for the purpose, keeping the mash at a substantially even temperature,thereby facilitating conversion and settling the fine insoluble matter by keeping the top portions of the mash as warm as or a little warmer than the lower portions; then drawing off the clear wort, boiling the same until coagulation is complete; then running the wort into the settlingtub, settling it as before, and drawing off the clear wort for further treatment,substantially as set forth. 5o

2. In the manufacture of beer-wort and sirup, the herein-described method of treating the residue which remains in the settling-tub after conversion and settling and after the clear wort, &c., has been drawn off, which 5 consists in separating from the said residuein a suitable separating-machine the liquid portion thereof, cooling the same to a temperature of from to 70 Fahrenheit and adding thereto Irish moss, gelatine,or other simi- 6o lar substance, as usually prepared for fining beer, thoroughly mixing the same, andin a suitable vessel passing a gas or atmospheric air through it, and after the mass is cleared drawing off, and then treating the clear portion in the same manner as the wort first drawn from the mash, as set forth.

3. The herein-described method of facilitating the settling of the fine insoluble matter of corn and malt mashes during and after conversion,which consists in surrounding the vessel containing the mash or wort on itsentire sides and over the upper surface of the mash or wort by a circulating-conductor of heat of the same or a little higher 'temperature than the contents of the said vessel, substantially as shown and described, whereby the escape of heat from the sides and upper part of the mash or wort and the consequent circulation caused by unequal cooling is prevented, as set forth.

4. The hereinbefore described process of separating the fine insoluble matters in corn and malt mashes from the extract or wort, which consists in treating it with a solution of Irish moss or gelatine,and then subjecting the liquid to the action of gas or air, as specified.

- ALFRED E. FEItOE.

WVitnesses:

Gno. D. WALKER, O. SEDcwIcK. 

